̹ 뱸Ǻȣ õ ڻ(뱸 1ȣ ȣ) ȣ Ͽ, νĺ ȭ_߿伺, νĺ , ǹ ˾ƺڽϴ.
[ ȣ 28ȸ]
νĺ ȭ_߿伺, νĺ , ǹ
ȣ (ڿ)
1
2
3 İ
4 ʿ伺
5 ȭ
1 м
2 ȭ Ȱȭ
3 νĺ ȭ
1. ߿伺
ռ ٿ (, ) Ȯ θ ǰ и鼭, Ÿ ϱ Ǿ. 츮 Ư¡ ʿ , ȹ , ̸ (, ȣ Ź, ȭ Ȱȭ) ǥ ִ.
ʱ (̪ ) ( Ӯ) Ǵ ٽڸ Ű ִ. λ Ư, źȮ, ڹȮ ϱ ̴.
ڰ ػ Ǯ ϰų ϴ , Ư λǿ Ź ߸ ϴ 쿡 ߰ ƹ ̴ ̴ ٸ ܴ Ϳ ҰϿ üǰ Ž ۿ , ڸ ϴ ȴ. νĺ ȭ ߿伺 ִ.
Ʒ νĺ ǹ νĺ ǰ Ѵ.
2. νĺ
νĺ ǿ ڰ λǸ Ǵ ΰ ϼ Ǵϱ Ǵ ̴.
ǹ νĺ() ڿ ϴٴ ϱ ǽϴ νĺ ſ , , , Ӹī, Ÿ мϿ ȹ Ÿ , ǹ νĺ() Ǵ ڰ ڿ ΰ ϼ ϴ ȴ.( 1)νĺ ̿ νĺ̴.
3. ( 2)
1984 ̱ (Frederick Rene Day) ξ 10 ¡ ƴ ̰, 1980 ι ӽ (James Newsome) 15 ¡ ǻ ̴.
̱ Ʈ(Rattner) ڻ簡 1900 ̷ ̱ ߸ ǰ 205 м 52% ߸ νĺ ģ Ÿ ̱Ҵ ٷ ǰ 28 86% Ҵٴ ´. Ư ū , , Ÿ Ű Ȯ κ ǰ θ õ߰ų ڰ ź ʾ () ź ǰ ̾ ˳ λ ` ' ִ.
߸ ƯǴ ڰ ߷ ڼ ְ, ٸ ε ʹٴ ϴ 찡 , `L' ް ϶ϴ , ü ϰ Ǵ ο Ѵ.
4. ܱ ǹ
. ̱
̱ ſȮ(identification) θ ɻϴ Ϸ(line-up)ɻ ̷ ɻ(in-court identification) . United States v. Wade, 388 U. S. 218(1967)ǰῡ, Ϸ ɻ翡 ǰ ڿ {Ʈ(Gilbert) ǰ } ȣ ʾҰų ʿ Ͻð Ե ξ ȴٰ ǽϿ, ̸ `̵-Ʈ Ģ' ȮǾ.( 3)
1988 A. Rattner 1900 ̷ ̱ ǻʸ Ͽµ, Ȯ νĺ Ͽ ǰΰ ΰ ϼ ϴ forensic evidence ߰߿ Ͽ Ȯ ʷ 205 Ȯϰ ǿ(perjury, forensic, errors, negligence of criminal officials, coerced confession) , ̻( 100, 42%) ǿ ǿ̾ ִ.
1996 Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice(NLJ) Ȯǰ DNA typing м 巯 28 (ַ ˻) νĺ ̾ Ȯ( 4)ϸ鼭, 1998 ̱ ɸȸ 41ȸ ȸ American Psychology and Law Society(APLS) ʷ line-up photo spread Ȱ뿡 ̵ ǥ ְ, 1999 Department of Justice Eyewitness Evidence-a guide for Law Enforcement Ȱ νĺ ǥ ̵ , 2003 Eyewitness Evidence - a Trainer's Manual for Law Enforcement - training manual ϰ Ǿ. ̵ΰ Ʒħ , Ÿ νĺ ſ ǥħ ϰ ִ.( 5)
.
1974 Rt. Hon. Lord Devrin ϴ Ưȸ Ͽ ġǰ, ǻ м װ 並 , 1976 ŷڼ Ǵܹ ̸ Devrin Report( 6) ߰Ͽ.( 7) ȸ νĺ ϰų ֵ 2 ̻ ο ƴ Ģ ˸ (ǻ Ÿ 䱸ϴ ߱)ϵ ǰ ´.( 8)
ټ ǻʿ Բ ̿ п Devrin report 뿡 û 1984 ` Ź{Police and Criminal Evidence Act(PACE)}' Ǿ, ̿ Բ ǹԹ · ` νĺ ǹԹ(Code of Practice)' Ǿ νĺ ̵ ϰ Ǿ.( 9) δ, ǹ ǹ ̸ ǽϰ, ο ϰ, ڰ ȣ ǰ߱ȯ ȸ ־.( 10)
PACE 1995 ǰ ٽ 2003 Ǿµ, νĺ ̵ Code of Practice D. Identification Ǿ ִ. Code of Practice Թ ƴϹǷ ؼǹ , ̿ κ Ű Ǵܰ迡 Ǵ 찡 ǻ Թ ϴ ̴.( 11) νĺŰ δ ̳ Ͻ ̿ Ź common law PACE section 78. ǰ 緮 Ǵܿ Ͽ Ǵµ, ֱ Ƿʵ Code D. Թ ƴ Ģ Ұѵ ̿ νĺſ Ź ǻ ߿ Ǵħ Ȱϰ ִ.( 12) , ǽõǴ ܵ(show-up) νĺŸ R v. Leckie[1983] Crim LR 543 ְ, line-up(parade) Ͽ ǽõ νĺŸ R v. Gall(1990) R v. Conway(1990), R v. Quinn(1995), R v. Nagah(1991), R v. Allen(1995) ( 13) ִ.
.
Ҽ۹ 58 2 ΰ ڸ ų ִٰ ϰ ְ, ` Ģ' 18 ڸ ΰ ϰ ϰ ִ. ̳ Ư¡ ڼ ؾ ϸ ο ǰΰ ܰ ϰ ȣ , ڿ ˵ ؾ Ѵ.( 14)
5. 츮 ǹ
װ 츮 ΰ ǰ ϼ νĺ ϴ 찡 ʾҰ, νĺ ſ뼺 аϿ, ΰ ǰ ϼ ټ ɻ ǰ ڹ ִٰ ġεǾ Ƿ,( 15) νĺ ߿伺 Ͽ Ͽ ִ.
ڴʰ û 2004. 4. ϼ û ϴ ` νĺ ħ' ․ 1020 õ Ģ κ Ǿ ,( 16)( 17) Ȯϰ ϰ ִ ϴٴ ƿԴ.( 18)
ư ϼ νĺ ߿伺 ɿ Ͽ ľϰ ִٰ ϴ νĺ ϴ ͵ ־Դ. ǹ νĺܰ迡 ǹ ξ θ ̰, ܵ νĺ νĺ ַ ̿ϰ ִ.( 19)
, " 1 ǵϱ λǰ ƴ" " ڸ ü 48ð νĺ ġ ƴ" ϰ, ǹδ û ϼ ֹεϻ ִ 縦 Ͽ Ǵܰ迡 ξ Ű ʾҴٴ ǰ 찡 Դ.( 20) ǥ Ƿʵ ڿ Ұϱ Ѵ.
̷ Ͽ , "츮 ڹ鿡 ؿ ſ о߿ ʰ ܱʸ ϴ "̶ "Ҽ۹ յΰ ź Ȯ ʿ䰡 ִ" Ͽ.( 21)
ᱹ 츮 νĺ ǽÿ ο λ ü ϰ ߸ ߰ Ͻ÷ νĺ ź ϰ ִµٰ, ̿ʹ ξٴ Ͻð ̳ܵ νĺ ̿ϴ 찡 , ݺǴ νĺ ̰ κ Ͻÿ й ְ ä ̹Ƿ ź ϴ ¼ 翬 ִ.( 22) ǹ ñϴٰ ̴.
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1) , νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 194-195.
2) Ʒ մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6.. ַ Ͽ.
3) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6.; ο, νĺ 輺 ó, п42 1ȣ( 50ȣ), λб п, 2001. 12, 179. ο Stovall ǰᵵ Բ ִ.
4) â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 137.
5) â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 148.
6) , Report to the Secretary of State for the Home Department of Departmental Committee on Evidence of Identification in Criminal Cases".
7) â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 145.
8) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..; â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 147.
9) â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 145.
10) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..
11) , νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 200-201; â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 145 20).
12) â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 147.
13) R v. Gall[1990] 90 Cr App R 64; R v. Conway[1990] Crim LR 402; R v. Quinn[1995] 1 Cr App R 480; R v. Nagah[1991] 92 Cr App R 344; R v. Allen[1995] Crim LR 643â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 148 32) .
14) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..
15) ο, νĺ 輺 ó, п42 1ȣ( 50ȣ), λб п, 2001. 12, 178. ο , ٷ νĺ ſ뼺(ź, ) ٷ Ƿʰ ټ ϴ¹( 1984. 6. 5, 84460 ǰ, 1986. 9. 9, 861357 ǰ, 1993. 3. 9, 922884 ǰ, 1995. 3. 10, 942422 ǰ, 1995. 9. 15, 941163 ǰ, 1995. 12. 26, 951212 ǰ ), 츮 ڹ Ȱ νĺ ǿ ϰ ſ뼺 ѷ Ͽ.
16) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..
17) . νĺħ 鷯 Կ ־ 2 ̻ ϰ ̸ ټ ĺ ϰ, ĺ Ͽ (Ǵ ) , ü, λǿ ι ã ĺ Ȱϰ, ڰ ɸ ¿ ĺ ֵ ϰ, ĺ (Ǵ )鿡 Ͽ ü Ͽ Ƶΰ ڵ鿡 纸 Ͽ Ͽ öϿ Ѵ (, νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 221-222 ).
18) , νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 202-203.
19) , νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 203.
20) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..
21) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..
22) , νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 202-203.
̻ 뱸Ǻȣ õ ڻ ȣ νĺ ȭ_߿伺, νĺ , ǹ 캸ҽϴ.
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