[ ȣ 28ȸ] νĺ ȭ_߿伺, νĺ , ǹ  – 뱸Ǻȣ õ
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̹ 뱸Ǻȣ õ ڻ( 1ȣ ȣ) ȣ Ͽ, νĺ ȭ_߿伺, νĺ , ǹ ˾ƺڽϴ.

 

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[ ȣ 28ȸ]

νĺ ȭ_߿伺, νĺ , ǹ

ȣ (ڿ)

 

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3 İ

 

4 ʿ伺

 

5 ȭ

 

1 м

 

2 ȭ Ȱȭ

 

3 νĺ ȭ

 

1. ߿伺

 

ռ ٿ (, ) Ȯ θ ǰ и鼭, Ÿ ϱ Ǿ. 츮 Ư¡ ʿ , ȹ , ̸ (, ȣ Ź, ȭ Ȱȭ) ǥ ִ.

 

׷ ʱ (̪ ) ( Ӯ) Ǵ ٽڸ Ű ִ. λ Ư, źȮ, ڹȮ ϱ ̴.

 

 ׷ ڰ ػ Ǯ ϰų ϴ , Ư λǿ Ź ߸ ϴ 쿡 ߰ ƹ ̴ ̴ ٸ ܴ Ϳ ҰϿ üǰ Ž ۿ , ڸ ϴ ȴ. νĺ ȭ ߿伺 ⿡ ִ.

 

Ʒ νĺ ǹ νĺ ǰ Ѵ.

 

2. νĺ

 

νĺ ǿ ڰ λǸ Ǵ ΰ ϼ Ǵϱ Ǵ ̴.

 

ǹ νĺ() ڿ ϴٴ ϱ ǽϴ νĺ ſ , , , Ӹī, Ÿ мϿ ȹ Ÿ , ǹ νĺ() Ǵ ڰ ڿ ΰ ϼ ϴ ȴ.( 1)νĺ ̿ νĺ̴.

 

3. ( 2)

 

1984 ̱ (Frederick Rene Day) ξ 10 ¡ ƴ ̰, 1980 ι ӽ (James Newsome) 15 ¡ ǻ ̴.

 

̱ Ʈ(Rattner) ڻ簡 1900 ̷ ̱ ߸ ǰ 205 м 52% ߸ νĺ ģ Ÿ ̱Ҵ ٷ ǰ 28 86% ޾Ҵٴ ´. Ư ū , , Ÿ Ű Ȯ κ ǰ ޸ θ õ߰ų ڰ ź ʾ () ź ǰ ̾ ˳ λ ` ' ִ.

 

߸ ƯǴ ڰ ߷ ڼ ְ, ٸ ε ʹٴ ϴ 찡 , `L' ް ϶ϴ , ü 󱼺 ⿡ ϰ Ǵ ο Ѵ.

 

4. ܱ ǹ

 

. ̱

 

̱ ſȮ(identification) θ ɻϴ Ϸ(line-up)ɻ ̷ ɻ(in-court identification) . United States v. Wade, 388 U. S. 218(1967)ǰῡ, Ϸ ɻ翡 ǰ ڿ {Ʈ(Gilbert) ǰ } ȣ ʾҰų ʿ Ͻð Ե ξ ȴٰ ǽϿ, ̸ `̵-Ʈ Ģ' ȮǾ.( 3)

 

1988 A. Rattner 1900 ̷ ̱ ߻ ǻʸ Ͽµ, Ȯ νĺ Ͽ ǰΰ ΰ ϼ ϴ forensic evidence ߰߿ Ͽ Ȯ ʷ 205 Ȯϰ ǿ(perjury, forensic, errors, negligence of criminal officials, coerced confession) , ̻( 100, 42%) ǿ ǿ̾ ִ.

 

1996 Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice(NLJ) Ȯǰ DNA typing м 巯 28 (ַ ˻) νĺ ̾ Ȯ( 4)ϸ鼭, 1998 ̱ ɸȸ 41ȸ ȸ American Psychology and Law Society(APLS) ʷ line-up photo spread Ȱ뿡 ̵ ǥ ְ, 1999 Department of Justice Eyewitness Evidence-a guide for Law Enforcement Ȱ νĺ ǥ ̵ , 2003Eyewitness Evidence - a Trainer's Manual for Law Enforcement - training manual ϰ Ǿ. ̵ΰ Ʒħ , Ÿ νĺ  ſ ǥħ ϰ ִ.( 5)

 

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1974 Rt. Hon. Lord Devrin ϴ Ưȸ Ͽ ġǰ, ǻ м װ 並 , 1976 ŷڼ Ǵܹ ̸ Devrin Report( 6) ߰Ͽ.( 7) ȸ νĺ ϰų ֵ 2 ̻ ο ƴ Ģ ˸ (ǻ Ÿ 䱸ϴ ߱)ϵ ǰ ´.( 8)

 

ټ ǻʿ Բ ̿ 񳭿п Devrin report 뿡 û 1984 ` Ź{Police and Criminal Evidence Act(PACE)}' Ǿ, ̿ Բ ࿡ ǹԹ · ` νĺ ǹԹ(Code of Practice)' Ǿ νĺ  ̵ ϰ Ǿ.( 9) δ, ǹ ǹ߻ ̸ ǽϰ, ο ϰ, ڰ ȣ ǰ߱ȯ ȸ ־.( 10)

 

PACE 1995⿡ ǰ ٽ 2003 Ǿµ, νĺ ̵ Code of Practice D. Identification Ǿ ִ. Code of Practice Թ ƴϹǷ ؼǹ , ̿ κ Ű Ǵܰ迡 Ǵ 찡 ǻ Թ ϴ ̴.( 11) νĺŰ δ ̳ Ͻ  ̿ Ź common law PACE section 78. ǰ 緮 Ǵܿ Ͽ Ǵµ, ֱ Ƿʵ Code D. Թ ƴ Ģ Ұѵ ̿ νĺſ Ź ǻ ߿ Ǵħ Ȱϰ ִ.( 12) ׷ , ǽõǴ ܵ(show-up) νĺŸ R v. Leckie[1983] Crim LR 543 ְ, line-up(parade) Ͽ ǽõ νĺŸ R v. Gall(1990) R v. Conway(1990), R v. Quinn(1995), R v. Nagah(1991), R v. Allen(1995) ( 13) ִ.

 

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Ҽ۹ 58 2 ΰ ڸ ų ִٰ ϰ ְ, ` Ģ' 18  ڸ ΰ ϰ ϰ ִ. ̳ Ư¡ ڼ ؾ ϸ ο ǰΰ ܰ ϰ ȣ , ڿ 񱳴 ˵ ؾ Ѵ.( 14)

 

5. 츮 ǹ

 

װ 츮 ΰ ǰ ϼ νĺ ϴ 찡 ʾҰ, νĺ ſ뼺 аϿ, ΰ ǰ ϼ ټ ɻ ǰ ڹ 򰡿 ִٰ ġεǾ Ƿ,( 15) νĺ ߿伺 Ͽ 󸶳 Ͽ ִ.

 

ڴʰ û 2004. 4. ϼ û ϴ ` νĺ ħ' 1020 õ Ģ κ Ǿ ,( 16)( 17) Ȯϰ ϰ ִ ϴٴ ޾ƿԴ.( 18)

 

ư ϼ νĺ ߿伺 ɿ Ͽ ľϰ ִٰ ϴ νĺ ϴ ͵ ־Դ. ǹ νĺܰ迡 ǹ ξ θ ̰, ܵ νĺ νĺ ַ ̿ϰ ִ.( 19)

 

, " 1 ǵϱ⵵  λǰ ƴ" " ڸ ü 48ð νĺ ġ⵵ ƴ" ϰ, ǹδ û ϼ ֹεϻ ִ 縦 Ͽ Ǵܰ迡 ξ Ű ʾҴٴ ǰ ޴ 찡 Դ.( 20) ǥ Ƿʵ ڿ Ұϱ Ѵ.

 

̷ ࿡ Ͽ , "츮 ڹ鿡 ؿ ſ о߿ ʰ ܱʸ ϴ "̶ "Ҽ۹ յΰ ź Ȯ ʿ䰡 ִ" Ͽ.( 21)

 

ᱹ 츮 νĺ ǽÿ ο λ  ü ϰ ߸ ߰ Ͻ÷ νĺ ź 򰡹 ϰ ִµٰ, ̿ʹ ޸ ξٴ Ͻð ̳ܵ νĺ ̿ϴ 찡 , ݺǴ νĺ ̰ κ Ͻÿ й ְ ä ̹Ƿ ź ϴ ¼ 翬 ִ.( 22) ǹ ñϴٰ ̴.

 

< >

 

1) , νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 194-195.

 

2) Ʒ մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6.. ַ Ͽ.

 

3) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6.; ο, νĺ 輺 ó, п42 1ȣ( 50ȣ), λб п, 2001. 12, 179. ο Stovall ǰᵵ Բ ִ.

 

4) â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 137.

 

5) â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 148.

 

6)  , Report to the Secretary of State for the Home Department of Departmental Committee on Evidence of Identification in Criminal Cases".

 

7) â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 145.

 

8) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..; â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 147.

 

9) â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 145.

 

10) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..

 

11) , νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 200-201; â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 145 20).

 

12) â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 147.

 

13) R v. Gall[1990] 90 Cr App R 64; R v. Conway[1990] Crim LR 402; R v. Quinn[1995] 1 Cr App R 480; R v. Nagah[1991] 92 Cr App R 344; R v. Allen[1995] Crim LR 643â, (eyewitness) ŷڼ Ǵܱؿ , ȸп11 1ȣ, б ȸп, 2004. 8, 148 32) .

 

14) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..

 

15) ο, νĺ 輺 ó, п42 1ȣ( 50ȣ), λб п, 2001. 12, 178. ׷ ο , ٷ νĺ ſ뼺(ź, ) ٷ Ƿʰ ټ ϴ¹( 1984. 6. 5, 84460 ǰ, 1986. 9. 9, 861357 ǰ, 1993. 3. 9, 922884 ǰ, 1995. 3. 10, 942422 ǰ, 1995. 9. 15, 941163 ǰ, 1995. 12. 26, 951212 ǰ ), 츮󿡼 ڹ Ȱ νĺ ǿ ϰ ſ뼺 ѷ Ͽ.

 

16) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..

 

17)  . νĺħ 鷯 Կ ־ 2 ̻ ϰ ̸ ټ ĺ ϰ, ĺ Ͽ (Ǵ ) , ü, λǿ ι ã ĺ Ȱϰ, ڰ ɸ ¿ ĺ ֵ ϰ, ĺ 񱳴(Ǵ )鿡 Ͽ ü Ͽ ޾Ƶΰ ڵ鿡 纸 Ͽ Ͽ öϿ Ѵ (, νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 221-222 ).

 

18) , νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 202-203.

 

19) , νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 203.

 

20) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..

 

21) մ, , νĺ ź Ȯ , 2005. 6. 6..

 

22) , νĺ , п18 1ȣ, п, 2008, 202-203.

 

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̻ 뱸Ǻȣ õ ڻ ȣ νĺ ȭ_߿伺, νĺ , ǹ 캸ҽϴ.

 

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